使用过 Jupyter Notebook 的开发者想必都十分熟悉这种基于 Web 的交互式计算环境，并且喜爱这种可以同时包含代码、文本、公式、图表和富媒体的文件格式吧！Jupyter Notebook 中最流行的程序语言是 Python，但是这不代表其他语言不能在 Jupyter Notebook 中运行，毕竟，这么好的格式怎么能让 Python 独占呢！事实上，只要能安装运行相应的核（Kernel），那么对应语言的代码就能在 Jupyter Notebook 中运行。你可以在这里找到第三方核和它们支持的语言的完整列表，或者在文末查看。
本文主要介绍 R 和 MATLAB 核的安装与使用。
R
在安装任何 R 内核之前，请确保你已经安装了 Jupyter Notebook 和 R，在虚拟环境里安装的请确保在同一虚拟环境里进行后续操作，否则相关程序可能无法正常运行。下面给出了在一台全新的机器上安装内核的步骤，读者若已经部分安装了相关程序可以按需阅读。
安装 Python
在全局 Python 环境下安装
123brew install pythonexport PATH=$PATH:$(brew --prefix python)/libexec/binpip install notebook
在虚拟 Python 环境下安装
12345brew install miniforgeconda init "$(basename "${SHELL}")"conda create -n kernel pythonconda activate kernelpip install notebook
安装 R 和 R 内核
1brew install r
安装完毕后，进入 R 环境，安装 IRkernel。
1R
注意启动 R 需要大写，小写的 r 是 shell 内置命令，表示运行上一条命令。
12> install.packages('IRkernel')> IRkernel::installspec()
第一条命令会下载并编译很多包，因此过程可能比较缓慢，耐心等待即可。网络上有些教程可能会用 IRkernel::installspec(user = FALSE) 代替上述第二条命令，不过在我的机器上提示权限不够，个人感觉并不会影响使用。
安装完毕后，就可以在 Jupyter Notebook 中找到 R 的核了。
MATLAB
MATLAB 需要 Python 与之通信，因此机器上除了完整的 MATLAB 以外，还需要安装 Python。截止 R2023a，MATLAB 仍不支持 Python 3.11，所以我们建立一个 Python 3.10 的虚拟环境。这里我们使用 conda 管理虚拟环境，如果读者有其他等效方法也可使用。
1conda create -n matlab python=3.10
建立好虚拟环境后，我们激活并安装 MATLAB Engine for Python（由 MathWorks 提供）和 MATLAB Kernel。
1234conda activate matlabcd /Applications/MATLAB_R2023a.app/extern/engines/pythonpip install .pip install matlab_kernel
安装完毕后，就可以在 Jupyter Notebook 中找到 MATLAB 的核了。
Jupyter Kernels
以下是一份完整的 Jupyter 内核和支持语言的列表。相应的使用方法点击链接即可访问。
Name
Jupyter/IPython Version
Language(s) Version
3rd party dependencies
Example Notebooks
Notes
GoNB
Jupyter >= 5
Go >= 1.19
Tutorial
Micronaut
Python>=3.7.5, Groovy>3
Micronaut
https://github.com/stainlessai/micronaut-jupyter/blob/master/examples/basic-service/notebooks/use-library.ipynb
Compatible with BeakerX
Agda kernel
2.6.0
https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lclem/agda-kernel/master?filepath=example/LabImp.ipynb
Dyalog Jupyter Kernel
APL (Dyalog)
Dyalog >= 15.0
Notebooks
Can also be run on TryAPL’s Learn tab
Coarray-Fortran
Jupyter 4.0
Fortran 2008/2015
GFortran >= 7.1, OpenCoarrays, MPICH >= 3.2
Demo, Binder demo
Docker image
LFortran
Binder demo
Main repository at GitLab
Ansible Jupyter Kernel
Jupyter 5.6.0.dev0
Ansible 2.x
Hello World
sparkmagic
Jupyter >=4.0
Pyspark (Python 2 & 3), Spark (Scala), SparkR ®
Livy
Notebooks, Docker Images
This kernels are implemented via the magics machinery of the ipython kernel to use Spark via Livy
sas_kernel
Jupyter 4.0
python >= 3.3
SAS 9.4 or higher
IPyKernel
Jupyter 4.0
python 2.7, >= 3.3
pyzmq
IJulia
julia >= 0.3
IHaskell
ghc >= 7.6
Demo
IRuby
ruby >= 2.3
tslab
Typescript 3.7.2, JavaScript ESNext
Node.js
Example notebooks
Jupyter kernel for JavaScript and TypeScript - npm
IJavascript
nodejs >= 0.10
ITypeScript
Typescript >= 2.0
Node.js >= 0.10.0
jpCoffeescript
coffeescript >= 1.7
jp-LiveScript
livescript >= 1.5
Based on IJavascript and jpCoffeescript
Juka
Jupyter 4
Any
Juka
Example
Wrapper. Requires Juka executable in PATH
ICSharp
Jupyter 4.0
C# 4.0+
scriptcs
IRKernel
IPython 3.0
R 3.2
rzmq
SageMath
Jupyter 4
Any
many
pari_jupyter
Jupyter 4
PARI/GP >= 2.9
IFSharp
Jupyter 4
F#
Features
lgo
Jupyter >= 4, JupyterLab
Go >= 1.8
ZeroMQ (4.x)
Example
Docker image
iGalileo
Jupyter >= 4, JupyterLab
Galileo >= 0.1.3
Docker image
gopherlab
Jupyter 4.1, JupyterLab
Go >= 1.6
ZeroMQ (4.x)
examples
Deprecated, use gophernotes
Gophernotes
Jupyter 4, JupyterLab, nteract
Go >= 1.9
ZeroMQ 4.x.x
examples
docker image
IGo
Go >= 1.4
Unmaintained, use gophernotes
IScala
Scala
almond (old name: Jupyter-scala)
IPython>=3.0
Scala>=2.10
examples
Docs
IErlang
IPython 2.3
Erlang
rebar
ITorch
IPython >= 2.2 and <= 5.x
Torch 7 (LuaJIT)
IElixir
Jupyter >= 4.0
Elixir >= 1.5
Erlang OTP >= 19.3, Rebar
example, Boyle package manager examples, Boyle examples with usage of Matrex library
IElixir Docker image, IElixir Notebook in Docker
ierl
Jupyter >= 4.0
Erlang >= 19, Elixir >= 1.4, LFE 1.2
Erlang, (optional) Elixir
IAldor
IPython >= 1
Aldor
IOCaml
IPython >= 1.1
OCaml >= 4.01
opam
OCaml-Jupyter
Jupyter >= 4.0
OCaml >= 4.02
opam
Example
Docker image
IForth
IPython >= 3
Forth
peforth
IPython 6/Jupyter 5
Forth
Example
python debugger in FORTH syntax
IPerl
Perl 5
Perl6
Jupyter >= 4
Perl 6.c
zeromq 4
IPerl6
Perl 6
Jupyter-Perl6
Jupyter
Perl 6.C
Rakudo Perl 6
IPHP
IPython >= 2
PHP >= 5.4
composer
DEPRECATED, use Jupyter-PHP
Jupyter-PHP
Jupyter 4.0
PHP >= 7.0.0
composer, php-zmq
IOctave
Jupyter
Octave
Example
MetaKernel
IScilab
Jupyter
Scilab
Example
MetaKernel
MATLAB Kernel
Jupyter
Matlab
pymatbridge
Example
MetaKernel
Bash
IPython >= 3
bash
Wrapper
Z shell
IPython >= 3
zsh >= 5.3
Example
Pharo Smalltalk
IPython >= 3
Mac Os X
Binder demo
Paro 64 bits native kernel, zeromq
PowerShell
IPython >= 3
Windows
Wrapper, Based on Bash Kernel
CloJupyter
Jupyter
Clojure >= 1.7
CLJ-Jupyter
Jupyter
Clojure
Abandoned as of 2017-02-12
jupyter-kernel-jsr223
Jupyter>=4.0
Clojure 1.8
clojure-jrs223, Java>=7
Java based JSR223 compliant
Hy Kernel
Jupyter
Hy
Tutorial
treats Hy as Python pre-processor
Calysto Hy
Jupyter
Hy
Tutorial
based on MetaKernel (magics, shell, parallel, etc.)
Redis Kernel
IPython >= 3
redis
Wrapper
jove
io.js
jp-babel
Jupyter
Babel
ICalico
IPython >= 2
multiple
Index
IMathics
Mathics
IWolfram
Wolfram Mathematica
Wolfram Mathematica®, Metakernel
MetaKernel
Lua Kernel
Lua
IPurescript
Purescript
IPyLua
Lua
Fork of Lua Kernel
ILua
Lua
Calysto Scheme
Scheme
Reference Guide
MetaKernel
Calysto Processing
Processing.js >= 2
MetaKernel
idl_kernel
IDL
IDL seem to have a built-in kernel starting with version 8.5
Mochi Kernel
Mochi
Lua (used in Splash)
Lua
Apache Toree (formerly Spark Kernel)
Jupyter
Scala, Python, R
Spark >= 1.5
Example
Skulpt Python Kernel
Skulpt Python
Examples
MetaKernel
Calysto Bash
bash
MetaKernel
MetaKernel Python
python
MetaKernel
IVisual
VPython
Ball-in-Box
IBrainfuck
Brainfuck
Example
Wrapper
JupyterQ (KX Official Kernel)
Jupyter
kdb+ ≥ v3.5 64-bit, Python ≥ 3.6, embedPy
Notebook Examples
KDB+/Q Kernel (IKdbQ)
IPython >= 3.1
Q
qzmq, qcrypt
KDB+/Q Kernel (KdbQ Kernel)
Jupyter
Q
PyQ Kernel
Jupyter
Q
Python for kdb+
ICryptol
Cryptol
CVC4
cling
Jupyter 4
C++
Example
xeus-cling
Jupyter >= 5.1
C++
Example
Supports Jupyter widgets
Xonsh
Xonsh
Example
MetaKernel
Prolog
Prolog
MetaKernel
SWI-Prolog
Jupyter >=4.0
SWI-Prolog
https://hub.docker.com/r/jm1337/jupyter-prolog-notebook/
common-lisp-jupyter
Jupyter
Common Lisp
Quicklisp
About
Maxima-Jupyter
Jupyter
Maxima
Quicklisp
ielisp
Jupyter
Emacs Lisp
emacs-zmq
Calysto LC3
Assembly Language for the Little Computer 3
Yacas
YACAS
IJython
Jython 2.7
ROOT
Jupyter
C++/python
ROOT >= 6.05
Gnuplot Kernel
Gnuplot
Example
MetaKernel
Tcl
Jupyter
Tcl 8.5
Based on Bash Kernel
Tcl
Jupyter
Tcl 8.6
Binder demo
Written from scratch with a patched Tcl zmq binding
J
Jupyter Notebook/Lab
J 805-807 (J901beta)
Examples
Jython
Jupyter>=4.0
Jython>=2.7.0
Java>=7
Java based JSR223 compliant
C
Jupyter
C
gcc
jupyterC
Jupyter
C
gcc>=3.0
Supports C89 to C17, Built for teaching C
TaQL
Jupyter
TaQL
python-casacore
TaQL tutorial
Coconut
Jupyter
Coconut
SPARQL
Jupyter 4
Python 2.7 or >=3.4
rdflib, SPARQLWrapper
Examples
Optional GraphViz dependency
AIML chatbot
Jupyter 4
Python 2.7
pyAIML
Examples
IArm
Jupyter 4
ARMv6 THUMB
Examples
Based off of the ARM Cortex M0+ CPU
SoS
Jupyter 4
Python >=3.4
Support kernels for bash, python2/3, matlab/octabe, javascript, julia, R, Stata, SAS, and more
Examples
Workflow system, Multi-Kernel support
jupyter-nodejs
Jupyter, iPython 3.x
NodeJS, Babel, Clojurescript
Examples
Pike
IPython >= 3
Pike >= 7.8
Wrapper, Based on Bash Kernel
imatlab
ipykernel >= 4.1
MATLAB >= 2016b
jupyter-kotlin
Jupyter
Kotlin 1.4.20-dev-*** DEV
Java >= 8
Samples
jupyter_kernel_singular
Jupyter
Singular 4.1.0
Demo
Optional PySingular for better performance, surf for images, details
spylon-kernel
ipykernel >=4.5
python >= 3.5, scala >= 2.11
Apache Spark >=2.0
Example
MetaKernel
mit-scheme-kernel
Jupyter 4.0
MIT Scheme 9.2
elm-kernel
Jupyter
Examples
Isbt
Jupyter 4.3.0
sbt >= 1.0.0
sbt
example
BeakerX
Groovy, Java, Scala, Clojure, Kotlin, SQL
example
docker image
MicroPython
Jupyter
ESP8266/ESP32
USB or Webrepl
developer notebooks
relies on the micro-controller’s paste-mode
IJava
Jupyter
Java 9
Java JDK >= 9
Binder online demo
Based on the new JShell tool
Guile
Jupyter 5.2
Guile 2.0.12
guile-json, openssl
circuitpython_kernel
Jupyter
CircuitPython
USB
Examples
stata_kernel
Jupyter >=5
Stata
Stata >=14
Communicates natively with Stata
iPyStata
Jupyter
Stata
Stata
Example Notebook
Implemented using magics machinery of ipython.
pystata-kernel
Stata >= 17
Communicates with Stata through the pystata official Python bindings
nbstata
Jupyter >= 5.2
Stata >= 17
pystata, ipydatagrid
stata_kernel example
IRacket
IPython >= 3
Racket >= 6.10
Racket, ZeroMQ
Example
jupyter-dot-kernel
Jupyter >= 4.0
dot/graphviz
graphviz version 2.40.1
Teradata SQL kernel and extensions
JupyterLab >= 3.0
SQL
Example Notebooks
HiveQL Kernel
Jupyter >= 5
HiveQL
pyhive
Display HiveQL queries in HTML tables
EvCxR Jupyter Kernel
Jupyter 4, JupyterLab, nteract
Rust >= 1.29.2
ZeroMQ 4.x.x
Examples, Binder online demo
StuPyd Kernel
Jupyter >= 4
StuPyd Programming Language
Python3, antlr4-python3-runtime >= 4.7.1
nbviewer demo
coq_jupyter
Jupyter 5
Coq
coq
Binder online demo
Cadabra2
Jupyter 5
Cadabra2
Example notebook
iMongo
MongoDB
jupyter_kernel_chapel
Jupyter
Chapel
A Jupyter kernel for Vim script
Jupyter
Vim script
SSH Kernel
Jupyter
Bash
paramiko, metakernel
Examples
A Jupyter kernel specialized in executing commands remotely with paramiko SSH client.
GAP Kernel
Jupyter
GAP >= 4.10
Binder demo
A Jupyter kernel for the computational algebra system GAP.
Wolfram Language for Jupyter
Wolfram Engine, i.e., a Wolfram Desktop or Mathematica installation; wolframscript is optional but recommended
A Jupyter kernel for the Wolfram Language (Mathematica).
GrADS kernel
GrADS >= 2.0
Bacatá
Jupyter
Java & Rascal
ZeroMQ & Rascal
Example
A Jupyter kernel generator for domain-specific languages.
nelu-kernelu
Jupyter
NodeJs 12
NodeJs 12.3+
Examples
An advanced NodeJs Jupyter kernel supporting comms and displays among other things.
IPolyglot
Jupyter
JavaScript, Ruby, Python, R, and more
GraalVM
Example Polyglot Notebook
Dockerfile
Emu86 Kernel
Jupyter
Intel Assembly Language
Introduction to Intel Assembly Language Tutorial
Common Workflow Language (CWL) Kernel
v1.1
examples directory
MIPS Jupyter Kernel
Jupyter
MIPS32 Assembly Language
Python3, SPIM
Example
Driven by Python3 and Pexpect
iTTS
Natural languages
speech-dispatcher
Example
Currently cannot output sound into files or blobs because of limitations of speech-dispatcher
xeus-clickhouse
ClickHouse SQL
xeus
Example
IQSharp
Jupyter 4
Q#
QuantumKatas
.Net Interactive
Jupyter 4
C#, F#, Powershell
.Net Core SDK
Binder Examples
mariadb_kernel
Jupyter Notebook/Lab
SQL
Internal Dependencies, MariaDB Server
Binder notebook
A Jupyter kernel for the MariaDB Open Source database
ISetlX
Jupyter
SetlX
Example
Ganymede
Jupyter >= 4.0
Java 11+, Groovy, Javascript, Kotlin, Scala, Apache Spark, and more
JShell, Apache Maven Resolver
Examples
cqljupyter
Jupyter
Cassandra CQL
CQL Examples
iclingo
IPython 8
clingo
clingo
Basic Examples
ICrystal
Jupyter
Crystal
IRC
crystal_kernel
Jupyter
Crystal
Python wrapper kernel Crystal interpreter
idg
Jupyter
Dg (Doge)
Example Notebooks
Whitenote
Jupyter>=5
Whitespace 0.1
Go>=1.19
example.ipynb
Docker image